Home NWO How Many Styles of Government Are There?

How Many Styles of Government Are There?

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(L) Japan’s Emperor Naruhito ascends the throne in 2019 (C) Saudi Crown Prince and Sheik Mohammed of UAE, Photo AFP (R) Pregnant Prime minister Jacinda Ardern, New Zealand, photo: Hannah Press

by Mary W Maxwell, LLB

Anarchy is not a possibility in human life. The word anarchy is from the Greek arkos, ruler, with the prefix an meaning without. Do you want to live without a ruler? It cannot be done.

Maybe if six adults were stranded on a desert island, they could agree that each would have no say over what the other one does. Even they, though, do not lack an instinct to obey. They were once children and had to learn to conform to the wishes of parents, teachers, and neighbors.

Obeying is necessity for social life, and so is cooperating with others to achieve some common goal. If those six persons stranded on the desert island decided to hold up a sign so that passing airplanes might see them, it’s a good bet they would divvy up the labor of the sign-holding.

Cooperation may be based on the human instinct to help others, and/or the human instinct to engage in deal-making: you scratch my back, I’ll scratch yours. Some cynics say that those two instincts are the same – the motive for helping others is always a basically selfish one: enlightened self-interest. However, that’s not quite true. The ease with which we cooperate also reflects the instinct of altruism – which evolved from the need of a baby to have a nurturing helper.

Comparing Styles of Government

On June 14, 2020, I published an article at GumshoeNews about the work of Finnish political scientist, Tatu Vanhanen, who studied the concentration of power and the sharing of power. He noted that the few can control the many, but that this can be ameliorated, enabling a large number of people to get their demands satisfied.

Vanhanen’s research consisted of measuring the effect of two kinds of power resources – economic and intellectual – on the fate of people. If those resources were held by only a few people, political equality and individual freedom would be unlikely. There would be an authoritarian or despotic government.

His book, written more than four decades ago, Political Power and the Mans of Power (1979) is packed with information about the presence, in each of the 119 States he studied, of the spread or the concentration of those two resources.  In this article I will use some information that Vanhanen compiled in an appendix of his  book, but putting this to a different use than he did.

A Quick Overview of Types of Modern Government

Appendix B of Vanhanen’s 1979 book contains a short summary of the type of government in each country, starting from 1850 (or later, if the country was “newly minted”), and going up till 1975. I choose only eight of those, two each from Asia, Europe, Latin America, and Africa.

The point to be made here is that there is not much variation in types of modern government. This can be observed by the fact that five items keep recurring in Vanhanen’s roundup: constitution, parliament, president, king, and direct elections. I will abbreviate these as CO, PA, PR, KI, and DE.

Nepal.  In 1959, KI promulgated a new CO. It established a PA system of government. It also provided the KI with extensive emergency and residual powers. Lower house is elected by DE. In 1960, KI staged a coup, suspended the CO and dissolved the PA. The 1962 CO vests sovereignty of Nepal in the KI. Political parties have been banned since 1960.

(Note: the main difference of a parliamentary system from a presidential one is that a prime minister is chosen by his party-colleagues in parliament; a president is elected by the people.)

Japan was oligarchically ruled without a PA until the 1889 CO. “Ministers of state shall give advice to the emperor.” In principle, the cabinet was the dominant organ. The 1947 post-war CO made government fully PArliamentary.

Poland had a 1921 CO.  In 1926, Marshal Pilsudski led a coup, after which the powers of the PR were increased. In practice, the government became more and more independent of PA.  From 1926, Pilsudski was the real ruler although he did not occupy the post of PR, to his death in 1935. The new CO of 1952 retained PA supremacy.

Norway.  In 1884, the king had to yield to a CO reform which made Norway’s governmental system PArliamentary. The voters elected the members of an electoral college, who then elected members of PA.

Cuba.  PR elections were indirect until 1935 and direct after that. No PA or PR elections were held in the period 1960-1975. [Since 1976, Cuba has a constitution, but recall that Vanhanen’s data ends with 1975.]

Uruguay.  Executive dominance has prevailed in Uruguay since the 1830 CO, but the 1919 CO limited the PR’s powers. The 1951 CO gave executive power to a nine-man National Council of Government.

Egypt. The CO of 1923 divided power between the KI and the PA. The lower house had DE.  In 1930, the KI abrogated the CO and made a new one in which ministers were responsible to him.  Since 1952, the revolutionary command council proclaimed a new CO with power divided between PR and a unicameral legislative assembly.

Libya. The 1951 CO established a PA system with two chambers.  The KI was supreme head of state. Members of the senate were appointed by the KI, and others by DE.  Political parties were banned. Since the military coup pf 1969, Libya has been ruled by a revolutionary council without any popularly elected state organs. So the above sketch should not be seen as proper history – the point of it was to zero in on a basic pattern: nations use a constitution as the visible blueprint for government.

Similarity of the Eight

Vanhanen’s notation of the 119 states’ systems, from which came those eight, reveals that there are certainly not 119 different styles of government. A few are monarchical, but most are presidential (like the US), or have a parliament (like the UK).

Such is the similarity of governments today that its leaders

can meet one another at the UN, or at summits, and be on familiar terms. They are “from the same mold.” Part of this is because their constitutions were copied from the 1787 model of the US, but there may be business reasons or New World Order reasons for the convergence.

Note: a particular country’s constitution can’t actually guarantee permanence. Coups d’etat happen, either by a military or by an ostensibly popular revolution. I grew up thinking that coups were standard in South America and Africa, but would not happen in English speaking countries.

In Australia, in 1967, Prime Minister Harry Holt simply disappeared from a beach. This has never been called a coup. However, the 1975 dismissal of Prime Minister Gough Whitlam was widely seen as a coup even though done within constitutional means.

In the US some presidents have been semi-assassinated, in my opinion, such as Ronald Reagan and Woodrow Wilson – other men got to take over their presidencies (George HW Bush in 1981 and Edward House in 1919.)

Who Was Really in Charge of Those 119 States?

At present, during the Covid lockdown, when Bill Gates is trying to usher us into the new era of globalism, I found that my reaction to the PA, PR, KI, DE, CO scheme above was one of realization that all those governments are easy to control from afar. The “personnel” are on duty in situ. A change can be imposed “with the wording” of a constitution.

In my youth (1950s and 1960s), and even when I was doing a PhD in Politics in the 1980s, the division of states was said to be between the Free World and the Communist World. We were given the impression that it was in the nature of a communist state to have an authoritarian government.

The criteria seemed to be that no genuine voting took place and that the people had no Bill of Rights. Since those communist regimes were “behind the Iron Curtain,” you couldn’t inspect them anyway.   We did hear that Tito of Yugoslavia insisted on some independence from Stalin, or that Vaclav Havel in 1968 tried to have a Velvet Revolution in Czechoslovakia.

Granted, meanness was not attributed exclusively to communist regimes. Had you looked up the yearly report on torture, by Amnesty International, you could learn that many dictators in the Third World treated ruthlessly any “rights” efforts. This was so from Paraguay in Latin America, to Rhodesia in Africa, to the Philippines in Asia. (Never in the UK or the US of course – we were just wonderful.)

Torture was usually attributed to the culture – “Some nationalities just do torture” — or to the personality of the dictator.  By 1977, however, when the CIA came under Congressional scrutiny, radical students obtained the puzzling information that the US was behind some of the worst dictators.

Personally, I could not fathom why Catholic bishops in Latin America – including the Argentinian bishop who is now Pope Francis – could predictably be found in the friendship of the worst torturers. My Catholic brain said “bishops, good; killing peasants, bad.” I had to wait till 2005 to get the goods on how far “hidden forces” were in control – everywhere.

Knowledge of Conspiracies Is Power

Thanks to excellent new material coming to us via the Internet, we citizens are gaining power. And not a minute too soon, as the most phantasmagorical display of non-democratic power is reportedly scheduled to happen later this year, 2020. Since the announcement of an emergency regarding the Covid-19 pandemic, three months ago, everything has got shaken up.

We “conspiracy theorists” have claimed, for years, that our elected leaders are mere front men for persons behind the scenes who run everything. Now it’s no longer conspiratorial.  Billionaire Bill Gates, who has never been elected to anything, boldly speaks as though he believes he rules the world. And possibly he does.

At the beginning of this article I claimed there are two basic facts:  humans obey and humans cooperate. It’s easy to see, in aspects of our lives unrelated to government, that obedience to rules, and cooperation to attain a goal, are normal and valuable. Yet once we have a huge governmental apparatus in place, those habits get taken advantage of.

Recall that Tatu Vanhanen took a sociobiological approach. His study of political history asked the question: What behaviors by humans enable them to achieve control over others? Having searched the world’s records, he deduced that when people have economic power (possessions) and intellectual power (knowledge), they have a chance at participating in the control system in a way that will advance their welfare. If not, they must accept whatever treatment the ruler dishes out.

We need to get educated fast. “Bill Gates” is acting like the people are not worthy of having the means of survival.  He comes marching in, holding our enslavement papers or our execution papers.  Many other persons, too, are bent on the destruction of humanity. That may prove that they are mental cases, but it’s not enough for us to identify that fact.

We must act to stop this disaster-in-the-making.

 

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62 COMMENTS

      • Fish, do you think Bertie got bumped off? I think he developed a level of self-confidence that was not allowed. If that is what happened, Tori must have realized it.

        In her autobiography, Fergie said when she was pregnant with Beatrice, a palace official yelled at her for something (making the baby go breech). Later she found out that the queen had not authorized it.

        So who did he think one was?

    • I thought this was ironic

      Portrait of The Queen – by Rolf Harris

      Part 1

      Part 2

      You can just go from around 4:00 of part 2

      As I was watching this I was wondering if Sir James Wilson Vincent Savile OBE KCSG still has all his titles and letters.

      • Emperor Hirohito was striped of his colours. They were reinstated later however.Team player invaded Wuhan as you do, hand over the logs, do a great show on a battleship. Patience grasshoppers, or you might end up in a leather-bag in a closet. Too soon ? I loved that show.

    • But speaking of ART, I had something much more profound in mind – the genesis of ‘modernism’ in the form of ‘suprematism’.

      Anyway, please enjoy Kazimir Malevich’s ”Black Square on White Background” (1913 – to maybe 1915)

      https://www.hermitagemuseum.org/wps/portal/hermitage/what-s-on/temp_exh/1999_2013/hm4_1_30/?lng=en

      His manifesto is titled “From Cubism and Futurism to Suprematism”

      https://archive.org/details/kazimir00male/mode/2up

      More pictures at the bottom of the wiki article “Kazimir_Malevich”

      I particularly liked “Composition with the Mona Lisa” (1914)

      https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kazimir_Malevich,1914,_Composition_with_the_Mona_Lisa,_oil,_collage_and_graphite_on_canvas,_62.5%C3%97_49.3_cm,_Russian_Museum.jpg

      I suppose it was topical because the Mona Lisa had been stolen in 1911 and was only returned two years later.

      I have heard this modernism/suprematism described along the lines of “liberating the artist from the constraints of having to be bound by an artificial sense of reality”.

      I could not help but compare that interpretation to modern day ‘journalism’ – “liberation of the journalist from the constraints of having to be bound by an artificial notion of the truth”.

      How neonormal!

    • From 25:12 Billy talks about Environment Sovereignty and mentions Monsanto and in particular 1080.

      For those that missed this

      Sue Grey ITNJ Testimony – ECOCIDE

      Arrests need to be made indeed – and not for violating social distancing ‘suggestions’ – but for ecocide and other crimes against humanity and the planet as a whole. These people are really sick.

      • He complains at 4.06 that Labor NZ instigated a law to allow people not born in NZ to become MPs. I actually think that is a good idea, including for president in America.

        Consider that Dee and myself are ineligible to stand for Parliament in Oz, being foreign born. Ditto Dr Russell Pridgeon.

        Hmm. I wonder if a New Zillinder can be an Oz MP.

        • Anybody can be a politician in Oz, providing they are an Oz citizen and do not hold (compromising) dual citizenship. Incidentally, the recent churning of politicians who had a parent born elsewhere was legal bullshit, which the establishment now serves up if it serves a purpose.

      • I can’t stand looking at the Jacinda creature ever since the Christchurch massacre. Clearly, she had to be in on the agenda from the beginning. The ‘Christchurch Call’ in France was such a load of crap from the globalists I thought the Kiwis couldn’t possibly fall for it, but there is one born every minute.

        Maybe after this ‘Covid-19’ plandemic fiasco some of the Kiwis might beginning to have a clue why they needed to be disarmed.

        • I tried to find some recent information about the Christchurch massacre. Apparently, someone gave Tarrant a deal for his plea and the whole thing has been dumped down the ‘memory hole’.

          I did find this interview with Max Igan where he talks about what is on the massacre video, so not everything has gone down the memory hole.

  5. SARS-CoV-2 has not been proven to cause disease through Koch’s postulate
    SARS-CoV-2 has not been proven transmittable between sick humans and healthy humans
    There is no scientific proof for sheltering healthy humans in place
    There is no scientific proof for social distancing
    There IS scientific proof to show that wearing masks is unhealthy (reduced oxygen) – https://www.oralhealthgroup.com/features/face-masks-dont-work-revealing-review/
    There IS scientific proof to show that wearing masks DOES NOT prevent airborne disease – http://ocla.ca/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Rancourt-Masks-dont-work-review-science-re-COVID19-policy.pdf
    Trillions of “viruses” are transported around the planet through the atmosphere (further showing the absurdity of sheltering at home, sanitising everything, etc) – https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/02/180206090650.htm
    USA CDC estimates case fatality rate of only 0.4% – https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/planning-scenarios.html
    Oxford Vaccine group openly admits they use a different vaccine (that have been proven to injure) as the placebo for the new SARS-CoV-2 vaccine – https://twitter.com/OxfordVacGroup/status/1250103464027455491

  6. Mary , just saw the video you posted ( Who does one think One is ? ) .

    Seems you’ve developed quite a taste for Harry Enfield’s style of humour.
    We’re birds of a feather in that regard .

  7. Mary, you mentioned the ‘ People’s Brexit ‘ in your last post.

    So, queue the celebration for the 2016 original Brexit (musical accompaniment by Dominic Frisby ) :

    • Truth Vigilante – HUGE thanks for introducing me to Dominic Frisby. He’s done a stack! altho’ “one” needs to be selective, there is a great message for many, and couched in humour &/or music is much more ‘digestible’, hence successful – “one” hopes!
      Thanks too to Julius – Jethro Tull’s Bouree was a gem.
      Fabulous article Mary – sparked such a huge response with so many onboard “We must act to stop this disaster-in-the-making”. I’m sharing as far & wide as I possibly can!

  8. Fish , I’d never seen the ‘ Putin on Brexit ‘ clip you posted above.

    Is it any wonder why Putin polls as the greatest statesman in the world today – blue sky to second place .

  9. when the “deep state” demonises someone (anyone – anything) I assume the opposite and go and listen to the target source – it is called critical thinking (opposite of “expanding my thinking” – they are very good with the Orwellian lexicons)

  11. Ahem… Getting back on thread, and permitting we night-shift workers to surface, Political Power is, surprisingly, about power.

    Power is exercised on a spectrum, from monarchy and dictatorship at one end (ie power in the hands of one), to power in the hands of many. The most extreme at the ‘many’ end of the spectrum is democracy… which exists nowhere today.

    Power in the hands of one has its own parallel social spectrum: leadership. Once you accept his complementary logic an alternative is unthinkable. This is American thinking today but the British Empire did it even better, as did the Romans before them. However, the British logic now only fools the Poms and Royals Watchers.

    Apologies to Mary but I seriously doubt any American can think this through objectively because of the saturation propaganda US citizens are subjected to from the cradle to the grave. Realise it or not, but all Americans are inculcated from infancy with the concept (ie the self-evident truth) that God created America and that the two entities are really indivisible.

    From infancy, all Americans are daily taught, in school and even at sports events, to place their hands over their hearts and chant or sing their adherence to those unquestioning truths.

    Thus, according to America, the world is divided by Godless Communism on one side and Freedom and Democracy on the other… otherwise known as The Free World.

    With this mindset it is impossible to conceptualise a world without leadership.

    But leadership is the action of one person thinking for everybody else, otherwise known as unilateralism. How is this ever a good thing. To support this concept one must abandon the Right to Self-determination.

    So, back to democracy (which is just another word for anarchy and populism); in real world terms, it is democracy when the entire population formulates policy and the only role of government is to implement this.

    Is this possible? Hell yes.Governments actually make genuine decisions only once or twice a year. It is simplicity itself for each citizen to tick boxes on alternatives presented by volunteer policy workers, or to consider additional options. A three tier document can enable citizens to become as involved as they wish.

    Expensive? Not when one considers one has just eradicated politicians, elections, and parliament. These have nothing to do with democracy and are pure representationalism, which are modifications of the dictatorship model.

    The historically proven reality is that nobody ever represents anybody else. It is an illusion supported by gullibility, nothing else. It is also the shortest path to corruption, which is why Lord Acton noted that if one becomes a representative, one accumulates the power of others, and power corrupts, and absolute power corrupts absolutely.

    To cap… democracy is “Government of the people, by the people and for the people”. Representatives are not part of the equation and the term Representative Democracy is the perfect oxymoron as is Democratic Monarchy..

  12. Tony, give this girl 5 minutes. Sure, there’s the power of the elite, but there is power in the adrenaline that only the young can muster.

    • Regarding the Christchurch NZ earthquake the wrecked the place; why doesn’t everyone call a truce on jew bashing and rabbiting on about all the other nonsance everyone seems to enjoy so much and all do some research on the Proof Range radar establishment situated south of Port Wakefield, South Australia. If you go on google earth an look closely enough you will see there’s a tower with a dome on top. As much as I was able to find out it’s a military weapon’s testing site. At the time of the earthquake a beam was sighted going east and hitting pretty much where the main fault line runs down the west coast. approx. opposite Christchurch. Probably to find out about this would be to contact Revmichelle Hopkins. She’s in a wheelchair these days and not in very good health. Just typing in her name should give you a start. Have fun. Kevin Woodman.

        • Big key here, Mary your awesome and thought Kev was leading to his own site historically. Don’t stop bro, i’m getting your line or not, thank you both.
          dotcom get some more bitcoins.lol

          • Simon you really ought to be fined for syntax violations. But since 3 others on this site are behaving way worse, i guess you are a saint.

      • Fish, that is very valuable, thank you. (I have only watched the first 5 min of the video.)

        I think it would cover most people in Congress and in the state legislatures. They are recruited. In the last few weeks, I tried to recruit young people here in NH to run for Repub nomination to Congress. Deadline was June 12. Did not snag any.

        I would have trained them, like AOC. How does it differ if the guy who recruited her took the job himself? Hmm. Her pay is $174K. I wonder if they get a cut.

        Did they actually brainwash her, too? When I ran for Congress in 2006, the Republican party offered me the chance to go for training — “so I would know what to say.”

        Just cogitate on that!

  13. Cherri , I just saw the video you posted last night featuring aspiring N.Z politician Billy Te Kahika .

    This guy has a lot of guts to be saying what he has – exposing Jacinta Adern for the cabal controlled puppet that she is , questioning the alliance with the U.S etc.

    I like Billy & hope he goes on to bigger and better things.
    If only we had someone here in Australia with some backbone like this bloke.

    • One Nation may be our chance to follow Billy’s lead… Backbone is essential for the leader(s), but they need our support! Does Pauline Hanson et al. know about this guy, just across the Tasman? with great support in ‘our’ Melbourne??

  14. Fish , I quite liked the Asma al-Assad videos you posted & it’s great to see that she’s beaten cancer.

    She is everything a first lady should be – a real woman of the people.

    She doesn’t live in isolation in her ivory tower like many western leaders & their wives do.
    I’ve seen a few clips of her getting amongst it & visiting wounded soldiers .
    Not just the odd staged photo stunt – this woman has been doing it for years, meeting countless numbers of them ( even whilst getting treatment for cancer or going through remission ) . She never rests

    Elegant, highly educated , articulate & determined to stand for justice – western nations have never produced a first lady with a stature that’s even a fraction of Asma’s .

    • I agree, I’m impressed every time I see the lady. I expect that the Syrians are also similarly impressed. She as the ‘right of truth’ about her.

  15. Not sure if this is off topic but had to share

    Jake Morphonios on the militarisation of the US municipal and state Police Forces by a foreign government with the worst human rights record on the planet– and more

    #19 An Israeli Soldier Gets Away with Murder in Palestine

    22:40 Jake appropriately describes these “purely satanic acts of evil …”

    As one comment by “BlancheTV” states:

    “Since 2000 there have been over 10,000 George Floyds in Palestine, where even women and children are not exempt from this brutality.“

  16. Fish, I’ve heard of more than a few depraved acts perpetrated by the IDF against the Palestinians over the years but listening to that Jake Morphonios podcast detailing how a little girl was murdered by an Israeli soldier , (a Captain no less ) , was a savage punch in the gut .

    And, after a brief investigation this ‘ Captain R ‘ was cleared of any wrongdoing , and in fact got a promotion later on .

    Do we need any more evidence that this heinous regime that governs Occupied Palestine needs to be dismantled ?

    And to think, there are still apologists who try to excuse these acts of savagery by the Israelis .

    Such people make me sick.

    George Floyd’s death precipitated the current turmoil in the U.S.

    But let’s get some perspective. As Fish says :

    ‘ There have been 10,000 George Floyd incidents in Palestine in the last 20 years alone ‘ .

    • Because you have ‘heard’ of more than a few depraved acts……….

      So what you now hear is also believed by you – yet you too offer no verifiable evidence for your beliefs.

  17. Oh My God , the Grim Reaper returns.

    Still apologising for Israeli genocide . We’ve all SEEN & HEARD of the human rights violations the Palestinians suffer every day from the oppressive Likud regime of racist fanatics.

    There are literally 100’s ( if not 1000’s ) of hours of it chronicled on You Tube & elsewhere on the internet.

    Yet somehow, Apologist Nemesis always seems to miss it.

    Well, here’s yet another installment . ( Be sure to watch the 1 min video in the article for yet another lesson in Israeli depravity ) :

    https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/unprecedented-brutality-family-palestinian-mangled-bulldozer-condemn-israel

    Yes Gumshoe readers , they picked his body up with a bulldozer – like he was a mangy dog whose bloated & decomposed body had been dredged out of the river.

    These people, and the apologists that defend them, are beyond despicable .

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